Author's Note: I wanted to be able to create a video that looked good and was easy to understand but also have a lot of important information in it. The only problem I had with this proficiency is that it was really hard to condense all this information into 30-some characters but I really like how Animoto presents information and how professional it looks so I used it.
Bibliography:
" APOD: 2008 June 22 - Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300 ." Astronomy Picture of the Day. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2010.
"Elliptical galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.
"Irregular galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.
"Late to the party; Neptune finally goes around the sun / Scrape TV - The World on your side." Scrape TV - The World on your side. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.
"Pegasus Dwarf." Spider's Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.
"Solar System Formation." Windows to the Universe. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2017.
"Spiral Galaxies." SDSS SkyServer DR7. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2010.
"Types of Galaxies." Types of Galaxies. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2017.
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Second Proficiency: I can effectively explain the different theories of the universe. I will discuss theories starting from Ancient Greece through the theories discussed in present day. I will analyze all theories and make a judgment based on my research on which is most valid.
Author's Note: I really wanted to talk about the bases of theories about the universe more than the different theories there are because there are main concepts that are in most theories but then they are built up by the persons or groups beliefs. I didn't really have many problems with this proficiency, only that it was hard to find information that was believable and seemed correct. Also, it was hard to find pictures to go along with the text.
Bibliography:
" APOD: 2006 March 23 - Inflating the Universe." Astronomy Picture of the Day. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
"04-02." High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
"Creation of a Cosmology: Big Bang Theory." Tripod Error. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
"Taylor & Francis A History of the Ptolemaic Empire: compare and buy LetsBuyIt.com." LetsBuyIt.com - The "Shopping Power" comparison shopping website to compare, share, and buy LetsBuyIt.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
theory, far the most popular theory in science today is the big bang, as you'll see as we move through this section, and this theory is not only a product of science but also of the times in which we live.. "Theories of the Universe: Scientific Origins of the Universe — Infoplease.com." Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.
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Third Proficiency: I can identify key technological advancements that helped in making our knowledge of space expand. My research will show the past, but I will also predict what future advancements may stretch our limits even more.
Advancements in technology is key for space exploration. Without our technology we would have no where near as much information about space as we do now. The Apollo missions and the Hubble Telescope are very important technological events in history. Also, the rivalry between the US and Russia in the Space Race is also very important. Without that push to advance our technology, we probably wouldn’t learn anything about space until much later.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration opened up in October of 1958; this dawned the Space Age. A communications satellite was sent into orbit and this was the source of President Eisenhower's Christmas message, the first voice from space. The next year NASA sent two monkeys on a sub-orbital mission because there was a theory that humans couldn't live for long in weightlessness; the monkeys survived the mission and were retrieved after orbiting. In March of 1959, NASA launched Pioneer 4 to the moon, making it the first US lunar flyby. In April of 1960, NASA launched its first successful meteorological satellite, monitoring the Earth's weather patterns. In May of 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American to fly in space. That same month, President John F. Kennedy gave his speech where he promised that the US would be on the moon by the end of the decade. In June of 1962, NASA leaders met to discuss how they would get to the moon, by Earth-orbit rendezvous, lunar-orbit rendezvous, or direct ascent. It happened the 16-24 of July, 1969, the first American lunar landing mission had succeeded. Aboard where astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin and Michael Collins but only Armstrong and Aldrin stepped onto the Moon. Collins had to stay aboard the Apollo command module that orbited the moon. Our goal was met and in a little over a decade, NASA had gone from a communications satellite to actually stepping onto the moon successfully.
Ever since we stepped onto the moon, space exploration has been booming. NASA started to look beyond Earth, the Moon and Mars and started to explore the outer planets. In 1972, Pioneer 10 was launched to Jupiter. Although, NASA still launched many satellites to orbit Earth for mapping missions that provided data on vegetation, insect infestations, crop development and associated land uses. From 1977 to present day, NASA has sent up Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 whom explored all the giant outer planets, their 48 moons and the unique system of rings and magnetic fields of the planets. In December of 1972, Apollo 17, the last of the six missions to the moon, was launched; this was the only mission to include a scientist. In 1973, Skylab was launched and astronauts actually lived there temporarily.
In 1990, NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope, one of the most technologically advanced pieces humans have sent into space. The Hubble Telescope has helped scientists research deep space, providing pictures of not only planets and stars but to whole galaxies and nebulas. This telescope has helped astronomers further research the development of the universe. In 1996, scientists found evidence, not proof, that there could have once been microscopic life on Mars. The next year when NASA was researching the magnetic fields of Mars, they found polar ice caps on the planet, which is further evidence that life once existed on Mars. In 1998, representatives from 15 countries met in Washington D.C. to discuss the design, development, utilization and operation of the International Space Station. In 2004, NASA successfully received a sample of ice and dust from a nebulous cloud from the comet Wild 2. In 2006, the New Horizons Spacecraft began it's nine-year flight to Pluto. These moments and events in history have helped scientists understand and research space, without these advancements in technology we wouldn't have accumulated this much information about space.
In the future, technology will continue to advance and enable us to advance our research of our solar system, our galaxy and the universe. At the rate that our technology is advancing, space exploration could be much more specific. There could possibly be spacecrafts that go far beyond our solar system or there could be telescopes that reach even deeper into the depths the universe. The only way do this is to continue research and testing on our current technology to advance to those levels.
Author's Note: This proficiency was a lot harder to write about in an essay as I thought it would be because it was hard to put that much information (that was pretty much just a timeline) into a essay format and try to make it sound decent. I thought though that in the end it worked out pretty well and portrayed what I wanted to say; that the US benefited majorly from all the technological events that happened in the past and that they will continue to help us in the future as our technology advances.
Author's Note: This proficiency was a lot harder to write about in an essay as I thought it would be because it was hard to put that much information (that was pretty much just a timeline) into a essay format and try to make it sound decent. I thought though that in the end it worked out pretty well and portrayed what I wanted to say; that the US benefited majorly from all the technological events that happened in the past and that they will continue to help us in the future as our technology advances.
Bibliography:
Black Holes are the most dense matter in the universe, in fact, their density is infinite. Once an object is being pulled in by the gravity of a Black hole there is no getting out and eventually the object gets ripped apart and ultimately becomes part of the Black hole. By definition, a Black hole is a region of space where nothing, not even light, can escape because its gravitational pull is so strong. Also, Black holes are thought to be the result of the collapse of a super massive star.
Since Black holes are invisible and undetectable, scientists have to look to look at matter that could potentially be around a Black holes. They look at the objects, such as a companion star, and see if the object seems to be orbiting a certain area. As the star gets closer to the Black hole it starts to spin really fast and stretch out which creates radiation. The scientists can then detect the radiation and label that area of space a Black hole. Scientists also look at the various dust and gas that is also orbiting the center of the Black hole. A line of singularity is an important part of a Black hole. A singularity in a Black hole is a point in space where Einstein's equations don't meet or break up, this line of singularity is considered the edge or end of space and time itself. It's a point in a Black hole where the regular principles of spacetime and gravitation don't match anymore.
There are many theories about Black holes and one of the most recent theories about black holes if the idea that they deform spacetime because of the massive gravitational pull of the density of the Black hole. The actual mass of the Black hole hasn't actually been observed, only the fact that matter emits radiation when they are being "sucked" into a Black hole actually proves that they are there. The center mass of a Black hole hasn't actually been discovered; it is only a theory that the density is infinite because this area of a Black hole has never been observed and the fact that the gravitational pull of them is so strong helps prove that they are the most dense objects in space. With these theoretical calculations about the huge mass of a Black hole, scientists that proven that it would take millions of solar masses to create them which also proved that the center of the Milky Way Galaxy holds a super-massive Black hole and that many other galaxies contain them at their centers. Black holes also have event horizons, the point in where the gravitational pull of Black hole is so strong that even light can't escape, creates a very interesting theory for scientists.
Scientists also often wonder what the difference between the perspective of the observer and the object being pulled into the Black hole is. The observer would just see the object being pulled in growing dimmer and dimmer until it disappeared but what would the object being pulled in be going through? The most factual and realistic answer would be that at that point the object would be feeling the gravitational waves of the Black hole and would be torn apart and time itself will stop for the object but the thing is, is that scientists will never know. There are many different theories to Black holes and even what we seem to believe is factual about them is actually theory because Black holes are a huge mystery to us still.
Scientists often wonder what exactly is at the "end" or "bottom" of a Black hole. Some believe that the center of a Black hole consists of an infinitely small and infinitely dense point at which all the matter that has fallen into the Black hole lays but there are other very interesting theories about Black holes. Many people believe that a Black hole is some sort of "wormhole" and that once at the end of the Black hole the object will be placed at a different part of the universe. Another theory is that eventually a black hole will have accumulated enough matter and will create an explosion similar to the Big Bang. Unfortunately, scientists will never really know what is at the center or end of a Black hole and they will only be able to make observations from the outside.
The theory that the center of a Black hole is an infinitely small and infinitely dense pinpoint in space makes the most sense to me because even though we've never been able to reach or observe the center of a Black hole doesn't mean that it reaches into far expanses of imaginism. This theory is realistic and reasonable but also very complicated. The fact that the center of a Black hole contains the most dense matter in the universe is mind-blowing. The real center of a Black hole is completely unknown, though, and who knows maybe it does reach beyond space and time principles but we will never know because, to us, Black holes will probably always be untouchable and dangerous regions of space.
Author's Note: I didn't have any problems with this proficiency because it was pretty easy to find the information I needed for the essay. The only thing that was kind of hard was having to make a decision about what theory I thought was most probable because Black holes are such huge mysteries.
Bibliography:
"Black Holes - Science Background." Amazing Space. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2011. .
"Current Black Hole Theories." Find Health, Education, Science & Technology Articles, Reviews, How-To and Tech Tips At Bright Hub - Apply To Be A Writer Today!. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2011. .
"Singularities and Black Holes -- SEP." people.bu.edu --- people on the Web at Boston University. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2011. .
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Fifth Proficiency - I can investigate dark matter and dark energy. What is it and how does it impact what we know about astronomy. What are the potential implications if we could harness and store dark matter or dark energy?
Author's Note: I focused mainly on what we can use dark matter and energy for because I feel like that is a really important part to explain and I really wanted the viewer to have a good understanding of what dark matter and dark energy was and what it did. I didn't really have any issues when I was making this.
Bibliography -
"Dark Energy As a Source of Power." EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality Original Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011..
"Dark Energy, Dark Matter - NASA Science." NASA Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011..
"Dark Matter." Dark Matter. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011..
"Dark energy - Scholarpedia." Scholarpedia - Scholarpedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011..
NASA. "Topic: Dark Matter, Dark Energy | CosmoLearning Astronomy." CosmoLearning | Your Free Online School: Courses, Video Lectures, Documentaries, Images, Books and more. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011..
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Sixth Proficiency -
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Fifth Proficiency - I can investigate dark matter and dark energy. What is it and how does it impact what we know about astronomy. What are the potential implications if we could harness and store dark matter or dark energy?
"Dark Energy As a Source of Power." EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality Original Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
"Dark Energy, Dark Matter - NASA Science." NASA Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
"Dark Matter." Dark Matter. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
"Dark energy - Scholarpedia." Scholarpedia - Scholarpedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
NASA. "Topic: Dark Matter, Dark Energy | CosmoLearning Astronomy." CosmoLearning | Your Free Online School: Courses, Video Lectures, Documentaries, Images, Books and more. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
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Sixth Proficiency -
Apollo Moon Landing -
Bibliography -
"TeacherTube Videos - First Moon Landing 1969." TeacherTube - Teach the World | Teacher Videos | Lesson Plan Videos | Student Video Lessons | Online Teacher Made Videos | TeacherTube.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
"The Great Moon Hoax - NASA Science." NASA Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
"Video -- Animals, Travel, Kids -- National Geographic." Video -- Animals, Travel, Kids -- National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2011.
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